The Turkish people began moving into the area now called Turkey in the eleventh century. The movement was accelerated by the Seljuk victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert. A few small emirates and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia, until the Mongol Empire's invasion. At the start of the thirteenth century, the Ottomans emirate united Anatolia and created an empire encompassing much of Southeastern Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Ottoman Empire disappeared after its defeat in World War I. A group of young military officers, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, began successful resistance to the Allies. The new republic of Turkey with Atatürk as its first president was founded in 1923.

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